Introduction to Microcontrollers

Posted by Unknown On Friday, March 16, 2012 0 comments
What is microcontroller??

A microcontroller sometimes abbreviated MCU is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.A system designer using a general purpose microprocessor should add RAM,ROM,I/O ports and timers externally to make them functional. Although addition of all these make system bulkier and much more expensive but they have the advantage that the system designer or user can decide the RAM, ROM, I/O ports needed to fit the task.But this is not in the case of Microcontrollers. A microcontroller has CPU, fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports and timers all on a single chip.




These microcontrollers are made to work on many embedded products and this is possible because it can be programmed. Program written in Assembly or C language are loaded into the chip and has made to perform a specific task.So the programmer can write specific program to perform specific tasks and load it, to make the MCU work. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications or other general purpose applications. Embedded products are the products which uses a microprocessor (or microcontroller) to do one task and one task only. A printer is an example of embedded system since the processor inside it performs only one task i.e. getting the data and printing it.
Software for a variety of applications can be loaded and run.Of course the reason a PC can perform many tasks is that it has RAM memory and an Operating system that loads the application software into RAM and lets the CPU run it.In an embedded system there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM.An x86 PC is connected to various embedded products such as keyboard, printer, modem, disk controller, sound card, CD-ROM driver, mouse and so on. Each one of this has a microcontroller inside it that performs only one task. For example, inside every mouse there is a microcontroller that performs the task of finding the mouse position and sending it to PC.

Microcontrollers find many of applications some of them are:-



Only few are mentioned here but today in this digital world there are numerous applications of Microcontrollers.

After all this now what can you all do????

Please open the image in new tab if you are unable to see.




Still many posts will be posted about Microcontrollers and Assembly language programming so keep watching.
Thanks for watching. Please share if you like the post.



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The Best Gadgets at CES 2012

Posted by Unknown On Saturday, January 14, 2012 1 comments
The major technology-related trade show held in Las Vegas is over but the gadgets which made their first appearance to the pubic is still yet to get into the stores in all countries. Today i share some of the best gadgets that came out in Consumers Electronic Show ( CES ). I hope you all will like this gadgets.






  • Sportis:  If you want to check your stats while working out or going on a bike without losing focus on what you’re doing? Then this is the correct gadget, Sportiiiis a pair of glasses for a heads-up display that’s positioned in your secondary vision. You can create personalized profiles to maximize your workouts –tapping the unit switches between sensors for audio feedback and ANT+ compatible visual cues.Price of this gadget is $199

  • Samsung Exhilarate:   This year's CES brought a slew of new 4G LTE phones, but the Samsung Exhilarate's appeal doesn't come from its specs as much as its price: $50.  Coming to AT&T's 4G network in the coming months, the Exhilarate will have a 4" Super AMOLED display, front- and rear facing cameras, and access to AT&T U-Verse Live TV. And it's environmentally friendly; the Exhilarate's made from 80% recycled post-consumer materials and features special modes for energy efficient operation.

  • Razer Naga Hex Gaming Mouse: Usually when you are playing games, when u have to use multiple keys on keyboard along with mouse. This will be very difficult and makes one more irritated while playing. This Razer Naga Hex gaming mouse makes you to play a game without getting irritated by keys on keyboard and mouse.This comes with  6 mechanical thumb buttons optimized for role playing or multiplayer online battling, plus 11 programmable ones. Interchangeable thumb rests and an curved shape keeps your hand poised for action.Price of this gadget is $79.

  • Polaroid SC 1630 Smart Camera: Many smartphones are emerging into the market now-a-days but only few of them have a smart camera. But this smartphone has 16-megapixel view, a 3X optical zoom and a 3.2” LCD screen.Hey not only that this comes with android OS and  USB cord with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless.You can take amazing photos from this smart camera and edit photos using amazing apps from android and upload to social networking sites. This smart camera really rocked at CES. Hope you guys like this very much.


  • SpareOne's 15yrs battery phone:  The SmartOne which made waves in the firrst day of the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.If you look at the front of the phone, you’ll notice the buttons are easy-to-read and laid out like a regularphone. You can however preset numbers to make calls. It has no screen, a basic number pad, and relies on a single AA battery for power. It's not for daily use, of course; the $50 SpareOne, which can always dial 911 but needs a SIM card to make regular calls.

  • Samsung Smart Evolution:
    *Smart TV, with a promise that models bought now will in future be upgradeable through a simple               add-on part.
    *3D content for TVs.
    *The 5in Note "phablet" (a phone/tablet), introduced in the UK in October 2011 but new to the US.
    *Wi-Fi enabled cameras.
    *A (very impressive) 55in Super OLED TV.
    *A new ultrabook.
    *An app winner who devised an app intended to run across Samsung Smart TVs, tablets and phones, who won $100,000.


  • Ear Force Wireless Dolby Surround Sound Gaming Headset:  Wireless audio domination is yours since the CD-quality signal uses dual band Wi-Fi for transmitting audio to/from your gaming console. The headset provides positionable, simulated 5.1 multichannel audio as well as Bluetooth pairing for answering mobile calls while gaming. Add equalization, volume limiter control and up to 15 hours of rechargeable power and this can send the audio to your home theater at the same time.And the price of this device is $219.  


  • Nokia Lumia 900: Many amazing smartphones has been released by Nokia in recent. But the Lumia family devices has got much more consumers responses than any other smartphones launched by Nokia. This amazing smartphone has become really smart with Windows OS. Many amazing features has made consumers to turn to this gadget.And this is specially built for U.S consumers.It comes with  LTE-capable 4.3-inch screen. It shares same design as the 3G Lumia 800, but has a bigger 1840 mAH battery to give better performance on the power-hungry 4G network. Another amazing about this is camera.It's front and back cameras, the back camera has a wide-angle 28mm f/2.2 lens; the front-facing lens is f/2.8.
               

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CES 2012: New Cellphone with 15yrs battery backup

Posted by Unknown On Wednesday, January 11, 2012 2 comments
The SmartOne is making waves in the firrst day of the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.If you look at the front of the phone, you’ll notice the buttons are easy-to-read and laid out like a regularphone. You can however preset numbers to make calls.










This mobile has been made by a company, Spareone. This phone has been designed for emergency situations.This cellphone runs on single AA battery. You may know the problems that are facing by the consumers due to less battery backup's. And one should take care of charging their mobiles before going out so that they can make calls or SMS while they are out also.That's all of a big head ache. But this head ache has got a medicine by SpareOne company.The amazing battery life of 15 yrs makes one to forget about charging their batteries :P .
This phone also has many advantages. One another advantage other that battery life is emergency tool i.e. With a built in emergency flashlight and the ability to automatically transmit its location via the cell ID, SpareOne is the only reliable tool for urgent response during a crisis or natural disaster when AA batteries become the only source of power.
The phone will be available in Q1 2012 at the price of $49.99.










Watch the video about this mobile:







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Celebrities at 2012 International CES

Posted by Unknown On Monday, January 9, 2012 2 comments




The International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) is a major technology-related trade show held each January in the Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. Not open to the public, the Consumer Electronics Association-sponsored show typically hosts previews of products and new product announcements.

Now in this post i am going to share who all the celebrities attending this great show:

Dennis Rodman-- American Hall of Fame Professional Basketball player. Dennis Rodman is one of the greatest rebounders ever to play professional basketball.

Robert Horry-- Robert Keith Horry Jr. is a retired American basketball player and a current sports commentator.

John Salley-- John Salley accepted a Basketball Scholarship to Georgia Tech to play for legendary head coach Bobby Cremins.

Allison Fishman-- Allison Fishman is a cooking teacher and cookbook author.

Eliza Dushku(CES Celebrity Ambassador )-- Actress Eliza Dushku will represent the Entertainment Matters at CES program as the Entertainment Matters Ambassador.

Jordan Rudess-- Jordan is a recording artist, composer, producer and performer.

Jillian Michaels-- Jillian's passion for fitness originates from 17 years of devoted practice in the fields of martials arts, personal training, health and wellness.

Miss Jamie Michelle-- Jamie has been modeling and acting for the past nine years. The 26 year old is one of So Cal's most popular and requested models with a pretty impressive resume.

Justin Bieber--Grammy-nominated platinum pop megastar, Justin Bieber, will be appearing with TOSY Robotics at this year's CES. Justin Bieber is helping TOSY unveil their new innovative entertainment robot.

LL Cool J-- Hip-hop artist, author, actor. Born James Todd Smith on January 14, 1968. Growing up in New York City, Smith adopted the stage name LL Cool J, which stood for Ladies Love Cool James.

Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi--Nicole “Snooki” Polizzi is best known for her role on the most talked about reality TV show Jersey Shore. She is a 4 foot 9 firecracker from New York who proudly shows off the lifestyle of being a guidette. 

Carl Banks-- Carl Banks is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League from 1984 to 1995 for the New York Giants, the Washington Redskins and the Cleveland Browns.

Jose "Hyde" Cotto-- Jose “Hyde” Cotto is a 2 Time Grammy Award Winning, Multi-Platinum Producer/Engineer & Pioneer in urban music worldwide. Hyde is considered one of the biggest pioneers that transformed urban music into the worldwide phenom it is today.

50 Cent--  Curtis James Jackson III (born July 6, 1975), better known by his stage name 50 Cent, is an American rapper and actor. 

Alistair Overeem-- Alistair Overeem is a British born Dutch mixed martial artist and kickboxer, recently signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship where in his first UFC bout he defeated former UFC heavyweight champion Brock Lesnar by TKO only 2:26 into the first round.

Greg Grunberg-- Television actor Greg Grunberg, best known for his starring role on the NBC television series Heroes will join OnStar for their Tweet House sessions, the official social media track for CES.

Wayne Brady-- Emmy winner and Grammy nominated actor, singer, Wayne Brady, known for his work as a regular on the American version of comedy television series Whose Line Is It Anyway?, will join OnStar for their Tweet House sessions, the official social media track for CES, on Wednesday, January 11 from 1-5 p.m.

James Bond Directors and Girls-- Panasonic will host Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment’s second annual Directors’ Panel. This year’s panel discussion will kick off the 50th anniversary of MGM’s James Bond.

Jabbawockeez-- Jabbawockeez, the all-male, hip-hop dance crew best known for winning season one of MTV’s “America’s Best Dance Crew” and headliner at the Monte Carlo Resort and Casino, making them the first and only dance crew to headline their own show in Las Vegas will perform at CES, opening Qualcomm’s keynote address.

Chicago-- Monster, Inc. will host their annual Retailer Awards and Concert, featuring real music from the legendary Chicago, on Wednesday, January 11 at the Paris Hotel.

Teresa Scanlan, Miss America 2011-- Miss America 2011, Teresa Scanlan, will walk the CES show floor from 10-11 a.m. on Tuesday, January 10. Teresa competed in the 2011 Miss America pageant as Miss Nebraska. The Miss America 2012 pageant is scheduled January 14 at Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada and will be televised on ABC.

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Now, watch TV shows on your T-shirts!

Posted by Unknown On Sunday, January 8, 2012 1 comments


Washington, Jan 8 (ANI): An Arizonan engineer has come up with a wearable LED television that can be worn as a jacket and shows episodes of American animated sitcom, The Simpsons.
David Forbes, an electrical engineer by profession, was keen on building something really cool to wear at the Burning Man festival. So he re-purposed a comparatively simple flexible circuit board covered with LEDs.

He made the first with 30 rows of four LEDs each and then contracted a manufacturer to build 175 more of them. He attached them to an old coat and was able to build a display with a 160 x 120 resolution, which he notes on his blog is exactly half that of an iPod, Discovery News reported.
The set-up comprises a chip similar to that used in scaling down the images for security cameras , and another chip similar to the one used in controlling big LED signs used for advertisements. Forbes was able to put together his wearable display by adding a small set of circuits that convert video output of the iPod to the smaller resolution.



A full wrap-around display is priced at 39,995 dollars while a front-only will cost 24,995 dollars. Wait time is around four months. (ANI)


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Self healing Electronics.!!

Posted by Unknown On Saturday, January 7, 2012 2 comments



Technology is rapidly growing in the world.There might be some day in which things happen like self healing of electronics from damages due to temperature issues. The day is not so far..!!
University of Illinois engineers were able to create a method in which electronics with damaged circuits would be able to automatically repair themselves.The another shocking thing in this is that they are going to heal themselves with in 100 microseconds (100x10^-6 sec).







So in the upcoming years all the electronic gadgets uses this type of technology so that the gadgets will have long life and more durable.
The self healing technology involves creating circuits with gold lining and a layer of micro capsules. The damage for the circuits is mainly due to temperature effect. i.e circuits will get heated up and the heat will damage or cracks the circuit.
When such things happen due to temperature the microcapsules will automatically disperse themselves into the cracks, filling the gap and restoring conductivity to the circuit.
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Transparent Resistive RAM

Posted by Unknown On Thursday, January 5, 2012 4 comments
A group of scientists at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) has fabricated a working computer chip that is almost completely clear, the first of its kind. The new technology, called transparent resistive random access memory (TRRAM).

The new chip is similar in type to an existing technology known as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) memory common commercial chips that provide the data storage for USB flash drives and other devices. Like CMOS devices, the new chip provides "non-volatile" memory, meaning that it stores digital information without losing data when it is powered off. Unlike CMOS devices, however, the new TRRAM chip is almost completely clear."It is a new milestone of transparent electronic systems," says researcher Jung Won Seo, who is the first author on the paper. "By integrating TRRAM device with other transparent electronic components, we can create a total see-through embedded electronic system."
The fabricated TRRAM has a transmittance of 81% (including the substrate) in the visible region and an excellent switching behavior under3 V. The retention measurement suggests that the memory property of the TRRAM device could be maintained for more than 10 years. We believe that the TRRAM device presented in this work could be a milestone of future see-through electronic devices.

I think in future the iphone may be like the below image..!! :P



"We are sure that TRRAM will become one of alternative devices to current CMOS-based flash memory in the near future after its reliability is proven and once any manufacturing issues are solved," says Professor Jae-Woo Park, who is Seo's co-advisor and co-author on the paper. He adds that the new devices have the potential to be manufactured cheaply because any transparent materials can be utilized as substrate and electrode. They also may not require incorporating rare elements such as Indium.
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Intel Ivy Bridge Chips

Posted by Unknown On Wednesday, January 4, 2012 4 comments



Intel may unveil its next generation of processors--nicknamed "Ivy Bridge"--in April, according to the latest reports. The Ivy Bridge chips for desktops and laptops promise a 37 percent performance increase over the current generation of Sandy Bridge processors.

The new Ivy Bridge CPUs use a 22-nanometer architecture, which makes them almost 30 percents smaller than the current chips, which use a 32nm architecture. Smaller chips mean lower power consumption (which is great for battery life) and more room for the integrated graphics chip. Ivy Bridge will support DirectX 11, Thunderbolt, and USB 3.0.

Taiwan-based trade publication DigiTimes reports that the first Ivy Bridge processors to launch will be quad-core desktop processors: the Core i7-3370 series and the Core i5-3570, 3550, and 3450. Because Ivy Bridge is backward-compatible with existing Sandy Bridge motherboards, desktop users should have an upgrade path available.

The first Ivy Bridge notebook chips to launch, according to DigiTimes, will be the Core i7 chips as well: The Core i7-3920QM, 3820QM, and 3720QM. Core i5 processors will pop up later.

Ivy Bridge will be smaller, more powerful, and more energy-efficient, and should be here in just a few months.








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VCO using IC-555

Posted by Unknown On Tuesday, January 3, 2012 4 comments
A Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is an oscillating circuit whose output frequency changes in direct proportion to an input voltage. VCOs can be made to oscillate from a few Hertz to hundreds of GHz. Every wireless device in use today has some sort of voltage controlled oscillator inside it. For example, there is a least one VCO inside every cell phone that generates the Radio Frequency (RF) waves that are used to communicate by-directionally to the cell tower.



Here today i am going to share Voltage Controlled Oscillator circuit using IC-555 timer.
It is basically an Astable Multivibrator circuit with variable control voltage.We know that internally set voltage at the control voltage terminal is 2/3 Vcc. In this circuit, the control voltage is externally set by the potentiometer. With change in the control voltage, the upper threshold voltage changes and thus the time required to charge capacitor up-to upper threshold voltage changes . Similarly discharge time also changes.As a result the frequency of output voltage changes.

If the control voltage is increased the capacitor will take more time to charge and discharge and therefore frequency will decrease. On the other hand if control voltage is decreased the capacitor will take less time to charge and discharge, increasing the frequency of output signal. Thus by varying the control voltage we can change the frequency. 







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Internet Enabled Light Bulbs..!!

Posted by Unknown On Tuesday, December 27, 2011 5 comments
What if every light bulb had its own unique Internet IP address? The possibilities are endless: You could monitor, manage and control every light bulb from any Internet-enabled device- turning lights on and off individually, dimming or creating scenes from your smartphone, tablet, PC or TV – to save energy as well as electricity costs.



This is done by a NXP, a semiconductor company.NXP Semiconductors is one of the Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders, and was originally founded by Philips more than 50 years ago. Formerly known as Philips Semiconductors, the company was sold by Philips to a consortium of private equity investors in 2006. NXP Semiconductors provides High Performance Mixed Signal and Standard Product solutions based on its RF, analog, power management, interface, security and digital processingexpertise. More informally, NXP has characterized its strategy as focusing on "products with no big chip in the middle." These semiconductors are used in a wide range of "smart" automotive, identification, wireless infrastructure, lighting, industrial, mobile, consumer and computing applications.

NXP has unveiled technology that has to potential to provide every light bulb with its own IP address. In this
way, light bulbs could be controlled from any internet enabled device. The approach builds on its recent
acquisition of Jennic.
The technology, called GreenChip, is small enough to fit within the base of a regular energy efficient light
bulb. Two versions will be launched: GreenChip iCFL, for use with compact fluorescents (cfl); and GreenChip
iSSL, for use with leds. Both chipsets can act as dimmable drivers for smart lamps and are accompanied by:
a standby supply controller, with 10mW no load capability; a 2.4GHz IEEE802.15.4 compatible wireless
microcontroller; and wireless connectivity, enabled by the JenNet IP network layer software.
John Croteau, NXP’s general manager, power lighting solutions and high performance RF, said: “chipset has very low power consumption so it doesn’t negate the benefits of energy efficient lighting. And the cost structure is such that it can ship in consumer light bulbs.”
NXP is partnering with TCP, a leading manufacturer of cfl and led lamps. “TCP makes more than 1million
light bulbs a day,” said Croteau, “and will be launching consumer ready products. This is not a technology
demonstrator.” A further partnership with GreenWave Reality will see an intelligent lighting control and
management solution becoming available.
NXP will also making the technology available under an open source licence and will establish a
consortium to oversee its development. “There will not be an ‘internet of things’ if technology is proprietary or with royalties,” Croteau noted, adding “and if it only works with the iPhone, it won’t be deployable.”
NXP will be taking on ZigBee in the emerging wireless control sector, even though Croteau said this
wouldn’t be the case. “It’s not about competing with ZigBee,” Croteau claimed, “it’s about delivering
something people want to buy.”

Here is a video about this Smart lightning.




Please share this if you like. 
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Lemon Battery..!!

Posted by Unknown On Saturday, December 10, 2011 8 comments

One will accept that if i say that world today is totally dependent on the field of Electronics for almost all matters. And the electronic technology we use can be made simplified for our daily life activities.
Today i am going to show one such idea i.e. simplified battery using lemon.



Basically when two dissimilar metals are suspended in acid it forms the battery. So i am preparing a battery which is called as lemon battery.
Lemon contains citric acid and when two wires are connected across it we should get some voltage.
But the voltage we get is very small. And this experiment can be done on other items also like tomato etc which contains acid content in it. The voltage we get for different items are different. And if you ask what is use when small voltage is present as it is not capable of lighting a single bulb also?
But this voltage can be increased but connecting more and more lemons in series so that the voltage produced across them will be large enough to lit a bulb.  And i have my first video tutorial on this experiment. You can see the proof of this post by watching the below video. :)  




share this post and add your valuable comments.
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AAKASH UBISLATE Tablet-35$..!!

Posted by Unknown On Sunday, October 9, 2011 4 comments
Hi friends today i am going to share about one of the tablet phone that creating sensation in the market.
The main reason to create sensation is its price. In the world for the 1st time a powerful Android tablet is of price  2,999 only..!!
Yes this is true.And this has been done by a company named DATAWIND.
Datawind Ltd. is a leading developer of wireless web access products and services.
From past 8 months this company is trying to develop cheapest Android tablet for the sake of students.And finally the dreams of this company has came true.
They have created a tablet named AAKASH UBISLATE with Android 2.2v.






The configuration of this tablet phone is:

Hardware:

Processor: Connexant with Graphics accelerator and HD Video processor
Memory (RAM): 256MB RAM / Storage (Internal): 2GB Flash
Storage (External): 2GB to 32GB Supported
Peripherals (USB2.0 ports, number): 1 Standard USB port
Audio out: 3.5mm jack / Audio in: 3.5mm jack
Display and Resolution: 7” display with 800x480 pixel resolution
Input Devices: Resistive touch screen
Connectivity and Networking: GPRS and WiFi IEEE 802.11 a/b/g
Power and Battery: Up to 180 minutes on battery. AC adapter 200-240 volt range.

Software:

OS: Android 2.2.
Document Rendering.
Supported Document formats: DOC, DOCX, PPT, PPTX, XLS, XLSX, ODT, ODP.
PDF viewer, Text editor.

Multimedia and Image Display:

Image viewer supported formats: PNG, JPG, BMP and GIF
Supported audio formats: MP3, AAC, AC3, WAV, WMA
Supported video formats: MPEG2, MPEG4, AVI, FLV

Communication and Internet:

Web browser - Standards Compliance: xHTML 1.1 compliant, JavaScript 1.8 compliant
Separate application for online YouTube video
Safety and other standards compliance

CE certification / RoHS certification:

Other: Additional Web Browser: UbiSurfer-Browser with compression/acceleration and IE8 rendering.

Some features of this tablet:


High Quality Web Anytime & Anywhere:

Connect via GPRS or WiFi
GPRS: Embedded modem eliminates the need for external dongles and allows Internet access everywhere
WiFi: Allows fast Youtube videos at hotspots
Fast web access even on GPRS networks, across the country using DataWind’s patented acceleration technology
Web, Email, Facebook, Twitter and much much more!

Multimedia Powerhouse:

HD Quality Video
Watching movies in the palm of your hand on a 7” screen
Audio library software helps manage your full collection of songs

Applications Galore with Android 2.2:

Games
Productivity software: Office suite
Educational software
Over 150,000 apps!

Full sized-USB port & Micro-SD slot:

Expand memory to 32GB
Use any ordinary pen-drive
Even plug-in a 3G dongle

For this tablet external car charger and antenna are provided as accessories and one more thing is that you can connect an external keyboard case whenever needed.

Drawbacks of this tablet:

This tablet with lot of features has also have some of the drawbacks i.e its screen touch is of resistive type which makes the scrolling little bit tough and its camera is VGA camera.And the main drawback is that it has no place in Android market.

But this Android with relatively low price is going to rock really with more that 1,50,000 applications and games.

AAKASH UBISLATE

Tablet with keyboard.

You can book this tablet for you online at http://www.akashtablet.com.
Enjoy..!!
Here is a video of this tablet by NDTV watch it:






Source:http://www.akashtablet.com


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Yagi uda antenna

Posted by Unknown On Sunday, September 25, 2011 0 comments
What is meant by antenna ??
Antenna is a piece of wire or a metal rod used to transmit or receive signals. There are many antennas available now a days.
The most basic antenna is called "a quarter wave vertical", it is a quarter wavelength long and is a vertical radiator. Typical examples of this type would be seen installed on motor vehicles for two way communications. Technically the most basic antenna is an "isotropic radiator". This is a antenna which radiates in all directions as does the light from a lamp bulb. It is the standard against which we sometimes compare other antennas.



Yagi uda is also a type of antenna whose radiation will be more stronger in one direction only.You can clearly understand when you see its radiation pattern.



You can see that radiation of the antenna is more in one direction and less in other direction.



Please open the above image in new tab if you can't see properly..
The second dipole in the Yagi-Uda array is the only driven element with applied input/output source feed, all the others interact by mutual coupling since receive and reradiate electromagnetic energy; they act as parasitic elements by induced current. It is assumed that an antenna is a passive reciprocal device, then may used either for transmission or for reception of the electromagnetic energy.To increase the transmission power to greater kms the aperture of the antenna is increased so that the radiation pattern becomes more narrower and consequently the gain grows.

You can understand still clearly by watching this video.



Thanks for watching.
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Nokia phone in classical style- Nokia 701

Posted by Unknown On Tuesday, August 30, 2011 6 comments
Hey as we all know that now-a-days competition in mobile phones is increased.
And Samsung has crossed Nokia in this competition but now again Nokia is fighting back.
Nokia has realeased Nokia 701 symbian phone which is fastest phone in Nokia mobiles.
The main thing in this phone is its powerfull hardware.i.e it has A1 GHz processor makes everything run smoothly.




Features of Nokia 701:-

*Super style Smart design
*Home screen designed by you
*Built in NFC
*8Megapixel Camera
*Apps and HD games




Specifications:-

Dimenisons: 
Size: 117.2 x 56.8 x 11 mm
Weight (with battery): 131 g
Volume: 64 cc

Memory:-
Internal memory: 8 GB
Support for up to 32 GB with an external microSD memory card
Use as USB mass memory device for storing photos, documents and more

Available colors:-This phone is available in 3 colors.
Silver Light
Steel Dark
Amethyst Violet

Display:-
Screen size: 3.5"
Resolution: 16:9 nHD (640 x 360 pixels) IPS-LCD
16 million colours; 160° viewing angle
ClearBlack display
Capacitive touch screen
Orientation sensor 
Proximity sensor
Ambient light detector

Personalization:- 
Up to six customisable home screens:
menu
widgets
themes
shortcuts
Customisable profiles
Ringtones: mp3, AAC, eAAC, eAAC+, WMA, AMR-NB, AMR-WB
Video ringtones
Themes
wallpapers
screensavers
audio themes
pre-installed themes
changeable colour themesMore wallpapers, ringtones and themes available from Store

Connectivity:-
Bluetooth 3.0
High-Speed USB 2.0 (micro USB connector)
Micro USB connector and charging
2 mm charging connector
Standard 3.5 mm AV connector with TV-out
NFCW
LAN
A-GPS
FM transmitter

Software platform:-
Symbian Belle
Java MIDP 2.1
Qt 4.7.3, Web Runtime 7.2
HTML 4.1
Software updates over the air (FOTA) and over the internet (FOTI)
Flash Lite 4.0
OMA DM 1.2, OMA Client provisioning 1.1

Internet:-
Full web browsing of real web pages
Web browsing with touch control
Supported markup languages: HTML, XHTML MP, WML, CSS
Supported protocols: HTTP v1.1, WAP
TCP/IP support
Visual history, HTML and JavaScript support
Flash Lite 4 will support a majority of Flash Player 10.1 content
Nokia Mobile Search
RSS reader
Support for streaming video
Unified home screen access to Facebook and Twitter through the Social client
Upload and view photos and videos and see locations via the Social client

Music:-
Stereo music player supporting MP3, M4A, AAC, AAC+, eAAC+, WMA
Music Player
Flick scrolling user interface to browse the albums in your music collection
Ovi Music Unlimited service in selected markets
Nokia Music PlayerOvi Music
Audio codecs: MP3, WMA, AAC, eAAC, eAAC+, AMR-NB, AMR-WB
Bit rate up to 320 kbps
DRM support WM DRM, OMA DRM 2.0
Playlist support and playlist editing; 8 channel graphic equaliser
Synchronise music with Nokia Music Player and Microsoft Windows Media Player 11.

Gaming:-
Use the touch interface to play games
Dedicated graphics processor with OpenGL 2.0 enables 3D graphics
Native and Java games
Use the accelerometer to play games
NFC for multiplayer games
Preloaded games:Angry Birds Magic with NFC for unlocking new levels
Asphalt 5 with NFC for multiplayer gaming
More games available for download at Store

Gallery:-









Comment about this Phone..:)

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Author: Srihari Rao Location: Karnataka, India
Srihari Rao is a student currently pursuing his Diploma in Electronics and Communication in Bellary, Karnataka, India.. He is very interested in Electronics and technology based subjects and Blogging. This Blog helps you to know more about the Electronics, Technology and many more..
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NI Multisim PCB software v11.0.2

Posted by Unknown On Sunday, August 28, 2011 7 comments

Hi friends today i am going to introduce you the National Instruments PCB design and Simulation software.










Using this software you can create any circuit designs and simulate them and check out weather the circuit is correct or not.You can learn how to build your own circuits.



There are many software's for designing a circuit but among all of them NI is ultimate one and it has all the features to use.

Recently NI has released a latest version of Multisim and Ultiboard that is v11.0.2 it has all the features for  anyone who wants to design a circuit.The working speed is increased  in this version.

This Multisim has features as many as 20,000+ components.

With more than 2,500 new devices and updates, Multisim 11.0.2 features a major increase in its component database. This latest release equips you with new symbols, SPICE models and footprints so you can design, validate and prototype more in less time.






Here are some of the screen shots of v11.0.2 :-















































With this software you will get some of the sample design circuits which you see them and learn.





Some new features added in this version are:




Easier Capture with New Schematic Net System


Improved Visualization with Grapher Enhancements

Enhanced Analog SPICE Simulation Features


New NI Example Finder

New Programmable Logic Design from Schematic





You can download this software here:





For professionals Click here.





For Educators Click here.





For Students Click here.















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Author: Srihari Rao Location: Karnataka, India

Srihari Rao is a student currently pursuing his Diploma in Electronics and Communication in Bellary, Karnataka, India.. He is very interested in Electronics and technology based subjects and Blogging. This Blog helps you to know more about the Electronics, Technology and many more..

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BlackBerry PlayBook

Posted by Unknown On Saturday, August 13, 2011 2 comments


Right now, the BlackBerry PlayBook is ideal for a BlackBerry smartphone user looking 

to purchase a tablet.

This is mainly due to the BlackBerry Bridge sync option. However, even then we would 


advise potential buyers to wait it out till there is a respectable apps eco-system.

Current apps in the App World are nothing to write home about. RIM had announced 


that Android apps would soon be ported to the BlackBerry App World, but that has yet 

to happen.

The Wi-Fi data transfer option and ability to edit the Documents To Go app is a big plus point.

Pros



  • Excellent multitasking

  • Brilliant display

  • Flash and Adobe AIR support




Cons



  • Limited number of apps

  • Biased towards BlackBerry smartphone users

  • Poor implementation of the power/sleep button





RIM was one major smartphone player missing from the tablet segment. With the 


PlayBook, BlackBerry has entered the arena of sleek tablets sporting a completely 


new operating system.

Although launched globally in April, it was announced very recently here in India with 


none other than Bollywood actor Salman Khan unveiling it.




The home screen of the PlayBook is divided with the app icon 

tray at the bottom,the card view of opened apps in the middle and 

the status bar on the top




Build and Ergonomics

The PlayBook measures 9-inches diagonally, with an effective screen area of 7-inches - 


there is therefore a prominent bezel around the LCD screen.

The device is rounded at the edges, and the edges and the rear side have a rubberised


finish which gives a very good grip on the device. Build quality is top notch and the thick 


bezel has its ups and downs. The positive aspect of the thicker bezel is that it allows you 


to hold the PlayBook in one hand such that your thumb is on the front portion and does not accidentally activate the touchscreen.

The downside is that the slits on sides, when the tablet is held in the horizontal orientation 


has the speaker section. So if you are watching a movie, you will most likely block the 


speakers.

As mentioned earlier, the 10 mm thick edge on the PlayBook has rounded edges. The 


top central portion has a small round power button, which is a bit too recessed for our 


liking and you will have to depress it at right angles.Considering that is the only way to put the


PlayBook to sleep, you will be using it a lot and it will annoy you. 



Adjacent to it are the volume control and play/pause buttons, which have a metallic body. 


An audio jack is placed on the extreme right hand side. On the other edge there is the 


mini HDMI port, a micro USB charging port and an optional charging dock port.






Bottom edge of the PlayBook houses the mini HDMI port, 


microUSB port and an optional charging dock port









The top edge of the PlayBook showing the volume control buttons 


along with play pause button and the extremely recessed Power 


button on the left hand side



Features

BlackBerry PlayBook houses the 1GHz dual core Texas Instruments OMAP 4430 SoC. 


It runs on the proprietary BlackBerry Tablet OS, based on the QNX Neutrino micro kernel architecture.

QNX Software Systems was bought over by BlackBerry last year. It is speculated that 


the BlackBerry plans to use this QNX OS on its smartphones sometime next year.

BlackBerry Bridge allows you to pair your BlackBerry smartphone with the PlayBook 


and sync apps such as Contacts, Tasks, Calender, Mail, etc. We will discuss it in detail in the 


Performance section. 



It comes with connectivity options such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. With the Wi-Fi activated, 


it is also possible to transfer files wirelessly from your tablet to your laptop which is mapped 


to the tablet.

The rear portion has a 5MP camera on top. There is no flash unit along with the camera. 


The front-facing camera is a 3MP one. Multitasking is the most important feature of the PlayBook. 


It supports Adobe AIR applications as well as Flash. Internet tethering is


supported.






BlackBerry AppWorld app showing the featured apps



Getting around the UI

You will notice that there are no buttons on the tablet apart from the ones on the top 


edge i.e., no Home button!

The bezel forms a touch-sensitive frame. If you swipe from top to bottom on the home 


page, a Settings menu will drop down, or, if you are on an active app then its contextual 


menu will drop down. The Settings menu is highly detailed, and you can control all aspects 


of your PlayBook from this drop down menu.

On swiping from bottom upwards, the application menu is slid up. Apps are broadly 


categorised into All, Favourites, Media and Games. At any point you can access the 


virtual keyboard by swiping upwards from the bottom left corner.






Settings tab of the PlayBook is highly detailed and can be

accessed by swiping from top downwards



On activating an app from the application menu, we come back to the home page and 


the app places itself in the blank portion of the home screen and then maximises.

You can open various applications and work on them simultaneously. On coming out of 


the application and onto the homepage, you get a coverflow sort of view of the opened applications. 


This is also known as the card view. You can wake up your PlayBook from 


sleep by swiping across the screen from end to end.

There is a definite learning curve involved for a newbie.

On the whole though, we like the usability aspect of the tablet where everything just works 


on finger swipes. Those used to the Apple iPad will keep searching for a Home button, 


but honestly you do not miss the absence of buttons on the PlayBook.

Performance

User Interface: The BlackBerry Tablet OS is quite snappy with a minor blurring as we 


swap pages. But that is not a deterrent as the page switching is fast. Swiping works 


smoothly and moving from one opened app to another is a breeze.

Also controlling the apps, once you master the swiping gestures is quite easy.

I liked the presentation of the active apps in the card view, so you can have a quick view 


of what all is open and close unnecessary apps by either touching the cross mark or 


touching the open app and swiping it upwards.

Virtual Keypad: The virtual keypad is well laid out with enough spacing between the


buttons. It does not have a haptic feedback, but typing was quite smooth. Although for those with 


small hands, while typing in the landscape mode, you will have to stretch your thumb for alphabets in 


central portion.



In the portrait mode the keypad seems too cramped for use with two thumbs, as it also 


gets uneasy to hold the tablet comfortably while typing.

In the landscape mode, the keypad covers around half the screen area, which may be 


good for login details or typing out documents on Word To Go app.

But, we noticed that if you are on Google Docs, you will be able to see two or three text 


lines at the most, thanks to the top portion being occupied by the address bar, Google 


taskbar and other horizontal panels.






Virtual keypad of the PlayBook covers about half the screen real estate, 


which is good if you are using Word To Go app, but with Google 


Docs it seems really cramped.



Multitasking: This is the USP of BlackBerry PlayBook. Although we have seen 


multi-tasking on the iPad2 and Android tablets, none of those can come close to what BlackBerry 


brings to the table with PlayBook.

Any app that you open if not active, will be present in the blank space between the app 


icon tray and the taskbar on the top. This arrangement is called the card view, as the 


apps arrange themselves in the form of visiting cards.

So for instance while your YouTube HD video is buffering in one card you can play a 


game of NFS at the same time and there is no slowdown. Also when a video is playing 


and you go from the active mode to the card view, it will continue playing till you activate


any other app.

Display: The 1024x600 pixel WSVGA resolution on the 7-inch LCD screen looks quite 


sharp and crispy. The glossy screen makes sure that the colours are vivid and pop out.

Viewing angles are fantastic and we did not notice any unwanted colour cast. In fact on a 


side by side comparison with the iPad 2 we found that the PlayBook had a comparitively brighter screen. 


So in short, full marks for the display.

Apps: This is where we got a big surprise. BlackBerry, renowned for its email facilities 


on the BB devices, does not have any native email client, out of the box! You get apps for 


Gmail, Hotmail, AOL Mail and Yahoo Mail respectively. Also, you will not find any app for Contacts, 


Calender, and Tasks. This brings us to the feature called BlackBerry Bridge.

In essence, what the BlackBerry Bridge does is sync your BlackBerry smartphone with 


the tablet over Bluetooth. Once done and activated, the BlackBerry Bridge will form a 


separate tab housing apps such as BBM, Mail, Contacts, Tasks, Calender, etc. 


Remember, these apps will not be stored on the PlayBook, but will just be shared between 


your BB smartphone and the PlayBook so long as the Bluetooth connection is on. In 


short, all your mails, contacts etc will still be secure as the PlayBook is not storing 


anything.

All this is great for BlackBerry smartphone users but for those using a different 


company's handset it's bad news.

Browser: The BlackBerry PlayBook browser is based on WebKit and looks quite clean. 


It technically supports tabbed browsing, but you will need to slide down the address bar 


for adding more tabs, downloading or making more tweaks in the Options menu.
As it supports Flash 10.2, you will notice some flash-ad heavy websites loading a bit 


slower than that on iPad 2 but that is not such a deterrent.






The native browser in BlackBerry PlayBook supports 


tabbed browsing



Camera Quality: Still images shot from the rear 5MP camera outdoors are decent, but 


indoors you will most likely have some unwanted noise in all of your images. Lack of


flash means the camera is not usable in poorly lit surroundings. Video camera is capable 


of shooting in 480p, 720p and 1080p. While shooting indoors we did notice noise and as


you pan you camera you tend to notice a blurring effect. This is less evident when used outdoors.

Audio: The sound coming out of the speakers was loud. It is ideal if you are watching 


streaming videos. For casual listening the speakers are quite good. We found the bass 


to be lacking, but there is no sound distortion at maximum volumes. Vocals sound quite 


crisp, but instrument separation suffers at higher frequencies.

Video: Video playback was flawless and it supports a variety of formats such as .AVI, 


.MOV, .WMV but does not support .MKV which is a bit sad.

The glossy surface does tend to reflect your background when watching dark scenes.

Quality wise we did not face any issues, there was no framing and rendering and even a 


1080p clip was quite smooth. Seeking did not cause any framing. You can pinch zoom in 


on videos as well, which seems a bit strange as you obviously see pixillation. Overall 


video playback experience is comparable to that of the iPad 2.

Battery Life: The PlayBook lasted a good day and a half on moderate usage. If does 


tend to use a lot of battery while playing back 1080p video or when it is connected to an 


HDTV via a HDMI out option.

It takes quite long to charge however.

Value

At Rs. 27,000 the BlackBerry PlayBook 16 GB W-iFi version is priced at roughly the 


same price as the Apple iPad 2. It makes perfect sense for BlackBerry smartphone users 


who want to consume media on a bigger screen.

Verdict

Right now, the BlackBerry PlayBook is ideal for a BlackBerry smartphone user looking 


to purchase a tablet. This is mainly due to the BlackBerry Bridge sync option.

However, even then I would advise potential buyers to wait it out till there is a respectable


apps eco-system. Current apps in the App World are nothing to write home about. RIM 


had announced that Android apps would soon be ported to the BlackBerry App World, but 


that has yet to happen.

The Wi-Fi data transfer option and ability to edit the Documents To Go app is a big plus 


point.

Ratings


  • Features: 6

  • Performance: 6

  • Build Quality: 7.5

  • Value for money: 6

  • Overall: 6




Price: Rs. 27,000








HomepageAuthor: Malay Akechan Location: Delhi, India

Malay Akechan is from New Delhi, India. He is very interested in Computing, Hacking and Blogging.He is the founder of TGS Forum and administrator at Hindustan Cyber Force. He also actively participates at various other forum and blogs.

Email - malayakechan@gmail.com


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